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Summary
1)
Description of Hajj (major pilgrimage)
and the rituals of each day.
2)
Glorifiying the commandments of Allaah.
3)
Refraining from prohibitions that affect Hajj.
4)
Prohibited acts during Ihraam (state of
a pilgrim in which he performs Hajj or ‘Umrah)
First Khutbah
O people! In these days, you are
drawing near to the season of journeying to the Sacred House, hoping for
Allaah’s forgiveness from all sins, anticipating to achieve everlasting
felicity in the Abode of Peace (i.e.,
O Muslims! You head in (these)
virtuous times for virtuous places and dignified sanctuaries to perform one of
the most honored kinds of worship, not out of pride or hypocrisy nor for fun or
recreation, rather for the sake of Allaah and as an asset for the Last Abode.
Thus, you should carry out this worship as commanded by Allaah, without excess
or negligence, so that you may attain what you desire of the remittance from
sins and attainment of the eternal bliss.
During your journey and your stay
(in your travels), abide by what Allaah enjoined upon you of purification,
prayer, as well as other religious rituals. If water is available, purify
yourselves with it; but if it is not, you may resort to Tayammum, that is, wiping over your faces and hands with pure dust.
Establish prayers in congregation
and do not be diverted from it by occupying yourselves with tasks that can be
fulfilled afterwards. As soon as you depart your towns, you may shorten the
four Rak’ah (units of) prayers – Dhuhr (
Adopt good moralities of
truthfulness, tolerance, cheerfulness, generosity and benevolence, as Allaah
loves the benevolent. Persevere in the face of hardships and harm, since Allaah
is with those who are patient. It was reported that journey, which is ‘Safar’
in Arabic, was labeled thus because it reveals (i.e., ‘asfar’ in Arabic)
the real dispositions of people.
When you reach the Meeqaat
(the location that a pilgrim should not go beyond without entering into the
state of Ihraam), bathe yourselves and apply perfume to your bodies,
including your heads and beards. Then wear the garb of unscented Ihraam – two pieces, lower and upper,
white garments for men whereas for women, anything they wish that does not
expose their adornments. Do not go beyond the Meeqaat without putting on
Ihraam!
Assume Ihraam from the first Meeqaat you pass by, because the
Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam defined Meeqaats and then said, “These are
for their dwellers (i.e., people who live there) and for those who pass by them
other than their dwellers.” In case of traveling by air,
passengers should prepare themselves in advance and then enter into the state
of Ihraam when they pass alongside Meeqaat
before exceeding it. After (assuming) Ihraam,
you should go to Makkah while pronouncing Talbiyah, (a prayer) like that uttered
by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, which is ‘Labbayka Allaahumma
Labbayk, Labbayka Laa Shareeka Laka Labbayk, Innal-hamda Wan-ni’mata Laka
Wal-mulk, Laa Shareeka Lak’ – ‘I respond to Your call, O Allaah, I respond
to Your call; I am obedient to Your orders and You have no partner, I respond
to Your call; all the praises and blessings are for You, all the sovereignty is
for You and You have no partners.’ Only men should raise their voices while
articulating this.
When you reach the Sacred House,
perform the Tawaaf (circumambulation
of Ka’bah) of ‘Umrah which
consists of seven rounds. Know that the whole area of the Sacred Mosque is a
place for Tawaaf, what is near and far from the Ka’bah, even from
behind the Well of Zamzam; however, proximity is preferable if it causes
no hardships or difficulties. When you complete Tawaaf, offer two Rak’ahs
of prayer behind the Station (Maqaam)
of Prophet Ibraaheem, close to it if possible or away from it, according
to your capability. You should then perform Sa’i
(pacing seven times between Safa and Marwah) of ‘Umrah
between Safa and Marwah,
consisting of seven rounds, beginning at the former and ending at the latter.
If anyone performs Sa’i before Tawaaf,
his Sa’i will be invalid, except if
he does so forgetfully or due to ignorance. When you complete Sa’ i, you should shorten your hair by
cutting it from all sides of the head, not from only one side as is done by
some people. Women should cut an amount equal to a fingertip from the end of
their hair. Upon doing this, the ‘Umrah
will be complete and you will come out of your state of Ihraam.
On the eighth day of Dhul-Hijjah,
you should put on Ihraam for Hajj from the place where you are,
bathing yourselves and applying perfume, then wearing its garb. You should then
intend to be in Ihraam for Hajj and proceed, reciting the Talbiyah, towards Mina, where you must offer the Dhuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib (sunset), ‘Ishaa’ and Fajr (morning)
prayers, shortening the four Rak’ah prayers, but without combining them.
Each prayer should be offered separately on time, just as was done by the
Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam.
By sunrise on the ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah,
you should go to ‘Arafah, pronouncing Talbiyah, and
combine the Dhuhr and ‘Asr prayers there, offering both at the time of the former. After
that, you should devote yourselves to remembering Allaah, supplicating to Him
and imploring Him while facing the Qiblah,
even if the mountain (of ‘Arafah) is behind you; you must do so, raising
your hands to your Lord, approaching Him with your hearts and hoping for His
answer to your invocations and forgiveness of your sins. Make sure of standing
within the area of ‘Arafah, as many
pilgrims do not stay inside it, despite the fact that the Hajj is void if standing in ‘Arafah
is not observed. The whole region of ‘Arafah
is a place for standing; the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam said,
“I stood here and all the area of ‘Arafah is a
place for standing.” Thus, the
whole of ‘Arafah is considered valid
for standing except at the bottom of the balley of ‘Urnah.
After sundown, you should head for
Muzdalifah where you must offer the Maghrib prayer as three Rak’ahs and ‘Ishaa’ as two. Subsequently, you should offer the Witr
prayer and spend the night there until you pray Fajr; then supplicate to
Allaah, seek His forgiveness and proclaim His Greatness and Oneness until
daylight appears manifestly. At that time, you should head for Mina, as
was done by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, who gave
concession to the weak people to leave Muzdalifah
(earlier) during the last hours of night.
When you reach Mina, you
should begin with throwing seven pebbles, each of which should be a little
larger than a chick-pea, consecutively at Jamrah
Al-‘Aqabah; you may pick these stones up from wherever you want. Upon throwing
each pebble, pronounce the Takbeer
(i.e., Allaahu Akbar – Allaah is the Greatest) and know that the wisdom
behind this is to establish the remembrance of Allaah and His glorification. Do
not believe that you are throwing at the devils as is commonly believed by
some, rather you throw pebbles at certain stones in certain places, solely to
glorify Allaah and follow the conduct of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam. After this, you should slaughter your offering if you can afford
doing so, applying the same requirements of the Udhiyah (sacrificial
animal slaughtered in ‘Eed Al-Adhaa).
For those who cannot pay for it, they should fast three days during Hajj and seven days after it. It is
permissible to fast on the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth days of the month,
and the seven days (that are left) can be completed, either successively or
separately, following your return. However, if you do offer a sacrifice, you
should shave your heads while women should only trim. Once you do this and have
thrown the pebbles, all acts forbidden while in Ihraam become permissible to you except sexual relations with your
partners. You may wear your normal clothes and apply perfume, then go to Makkah where you should perform Tawaaf
around the Sacred House for Hajj.
Then, you should do Sa’i between Safa and Marwah, upon which, all
prohibited acts during Ihraam will be
lawful to you even intercourse with your spouses.
O Muslims! The pilgrims perform
significant rituals on the Day of ‘Eed;
this is why Allaah named this day as Al-Hajj Al-Akbar (the Greater Pilgrimage). They throw the
pebbles at Jamrah Al-‘Aqabah, then slaughter their
offerings, shave their heads or cut their hair short, after which they
circumambulate the House and do Sa’i
between Safa and Marwah. It is
preferable to do all this on the day of ‘Eed
in this sequence, but there will be no harm if they advance some acts over the
others. Whenever the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam was asked
about changing the order of these rituals, he would permit it out of
facilitation for and kindness towards the servants of Allaah. If you delay the Tawaaf
and Sa’i until you leave Mina,
there will be no problem with that, but you will not be permitted to have
intercourse with your partners before fulfilling those rituals. Likewise, it is
permissible to delay slaughtering of the sacrifical animal until the thirteenth
day of the month and thus doing so in Makkah.
O people! You should spend the
eleventh and twelfth nights in Mina and throw the pebbles during these
two days after
Do not throw pebbles before midday
on the days that follow ‘Eed, as the
Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam did not so except after then; this
practice can be done until sunset. However, if there are dense crowds, you may
delay doing it till the night because the Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa
sallam stated the time of the beginning of throwing pebbles without
mentioning before when to end. He also permitted the weak to rush from Muzdalifah before dawn to protect them
from the dangers of vast crowds.
Moreover, you should throw the pebbles
yourselves and not authorize anybody to do this on your behalf, as it is an
obligatory ordinance for men and women alike. Thus, each pilgrim should do so
for himself, unless harm may be incurred while doing it, such as due to
sickness, old age or pregnancy. In such cases, a proxy may be appointed; the assigned person should throw pebbles at the three
Jamrahs, first on behalf of himself
then for the person who assigned him.
Your Hajj completes upon
throwing the pebbles on the twelfth day. It will be permissible then to leave Mina
before sunset or to spend the thirteenth night in Mina (as well) and
throw the pebbles on the next day after
You should perform the farewell Tawaaf
when you intend to return home after the completion of the Hajj rituals. It will be incorrect to throw pebbles at Jamaraat
following the farewell Tawaaf as it contradicts the instructions of the
Prophet sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, since he commanded that the last
thing to be done before departing is to perform circumambulation around the
House. The farewell Tawaaf is an obligatory practice on every pilgrim
who departs Makkah after performing Hajj or ‘Umrah, except the menstruating women or those with post-partum
bleeding, who are not required to so.
Upon returning home, you should
thank your Lord, return to Him in repentance, stick to obeying Him and avoid
committing sins after they have been remitted from you.
Allaah said which means, “Hajj is (during) well-known months, so whoever has made
Hajj obligatory upon himself therein (by entering the state of Ihraam), there
is (to be for him) no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing
during Hajj. And whatever good you do – Allaah knows it. And take provision,
but indeed, the best provision is fear of Allaah. And fear Me, O you of
understanding.” (Al-Baqarah: 197)